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Cement is a binding agent and a major component of concrete, and therefore an important building supply. Cement is typically comprised of clay and limestone, which are ground down into a fine powder. Mixing water with cement causes a chemical reaction called hydration to take place, when it dries to form a hard water resistant material. This hardening is a continual process which means cement increases in strength over time. Cement, together with aggregates such as gravel and sand, are the primary ingredients of concrete, which is a crucial element of any building site. The typical steps used in laying cement based products are:
While natural cement is still used in the building trade, it is often mixed with Portland cement which is manufactured using a more involved process that involves heating and the addition of lime, silica, iron oxide and gypsum. Cement is a versatile substance that can be used to waterproof structures, including water tanks, swimming pools and building foundations. The curing process is crucial for the strength and stability of concrete, and requires the presence of adequate moisture so the cement hardens to the desired level. This can take up to a week, during which the concrete must be kept wet, typically achieved by wetting the slab and covering it.
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